Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior . Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it's termed a "developmental disorder" because symptoms of developmental disorders generally appear in the first two years of life or early childhood.
It's important to note that not all children with autism show all signs, and many children who don't have autism show a few. Hence, professional evaluation is crucial. Here are some common early signs of autism in boys:
Symptoms of autism
Based on the information gathered from various credible sources, the core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be broadly classified into two categories: social communication challenges and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
People with autism may find it hard to understand what others are thinking or feeling, which might lead to anxiety. They often exhibit difficulty with communication and interaction.
Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors are also common symptoms of ASD. These might include repetitive movements like rocking, spinning, or hand flapping. Some people with autism spectrum disorder might engage in activities that could cause self-harm.
In children, signs of autism can include not responding to their name, avoiding eye contact, and not smiling when you smile at them. Repetitive behaviors like hand-flapping, rocking, jumping, or twirling are also common in children with autism.
Symptoms of autism can range from mild to severely disabling, and every person is different. People with ASD often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests.
Please note that if you suspect someone might have autism, it's important to seek professional medical advice for a proper diagnosis and treatment.
Challenges of children with autism spectrum disorder
Communication Difficulties
Boys with autism often struggle with both verbal and non-verbal communication. They may delay speaking or not speak at all. Some boys diagnosed autism might repeat certain words or phrases but don't understand how to use them. Non-verbal communication difficulties include avoiding eye contact, not responding to their name or familiar voices, and not using gestures to point or show things to others.
Repetitive Behaviors
Boys with autism spectrum disorder often exhibit repetitive behaviors, known as "stimming." These repetitive movements can include hand-flapping, rocking, jumping, or twirling. They might also develop specific routines or rituals and get upset at the slightest change.
Limited Interests
Boys with ASD may show intense interest in a specific topic like numbers, details, or facts. However, they might be uninterested in others' interests and not want to share their own, which can lead to social isolation.
Difficulty with Social Interaction
Boys with autism spectrum disorder may struggle with understanding other people's feelings or talking about their own feelings. They may avoid or show little interest in social interaction with other children, and they might not seek comfort or respond to parents' displays of affection.
Sensory Sensitivities
Many boys with autism are hyper-sensitive to sensory stimuli. They might react unusually to sounds, textures, tastes, or visual cues like lights or movement. On the other hand, they could be under-sensitive and show little or no reaction to pain or extreme temperatures.
Developmental Delays and Learning Deficiencies
Autism can lead to delays in motor development, such as delayed crawling or walking, clumsiness, or uncoordinated movement patterns. Boys with ASD might also struggle with learning in a traditional educational setting due to difficulties in their communication skills, and other social skills and interaction.
Remember, these signs are just indicators, not confirmation of autism spectrum disorder. If you notice any other signs of autism spectrum or these symptoms persistently in your child, consider seeking advice from a healthcare professional for an evaluation. Early intervention can make a significant difference in helping children with autism make progress.
Why are more boys than girls diagnosed with autism?
The higher prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis in boys compared to girls is a subject of continuous research. One prevailing theory is the "female protective effect," suggesting that girls may require a greater accumulation of genetic mutations than boys to develop ASD. This implies that the threshold for autism is higher in females, leading to more males meeting the criteria for diagnosis. Additionally, societal and cultural factors could contribute to this discrepancy. Autism in girls often presents differently than in boys, potentially leading to underdiagnosis. For instance, girls might be better at masking their symptoms, mimicking social norms, or they may exhibit less noticeable repetitive behaviors. This makes their symptoms less recognizable using current diagnostic criteria, which are based predominantly on male characteristics of autism. Thus, the lower rate of ASD diagnosis in girls might not accurately reflect the true prevalence of the disorder among the female population.
Autism Therapies
Autism therapies are diverse, ranging from behavioral interventions to medicinal approaches. These treatments aim to reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life for those with autism.
- Behavioral Therapies: Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) is a widely used therapy for autism. It involves understanding specific behaviors and modifying them through reinforcement.
- Medicinal Approaches: Certain antipsychotic drugs like risperidone (Risperdal®) and aripiprazole (Abilify®) are found to help reduce emotional distress and aggression.
- Speech-Language Therapy: This therapy helps in improving communication development and language skills.
- Physical Therapy: It focuses on improving motor skills, strength, and coordination.
- Occupational Therapy: This therapy helps individuals with autism to perform daily tasks more independently.
- Play-based Therapy: It uses play activities to facilitate social interaction and communication.
- Alternative Therapies: Some people also explore alternative therapies like special diets, herbal supplements, chiropractic care, animal therapy, art therapy, mindfulness, or relaxation therapies.
- Sensory Stimulation Techniques: These involve using prism lenses, auditory integration training, and techniques such as "deep pressure".
It's crucial to remember that the effectiveness of these therapies can vary significantly from person to person. Therefore, it's important to consult with healthcare professionals to determine the most suitable therapy for an individual with autism.
Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning its symptoms, abilities, and characteristics can present themselves in a wide variety of combinations, from mild to severe in a child's development. Although life with ASD can present extra challenges, with the right support, boys with autism can lead healthy, happy, and fulfilling lives.
